Our eyesight is an essential component of our daily life, so protecting it from diseases and infections is crucial. Without proper care, our eyes may experience various issues and even acquire diseases that may lead to blindness. As such, it is essential to understand the most common eye diseases to address them immediately and prevent further complications. 

Six Common Eye Diseases 

Identifying these all-too-common eye diseases' symptoms can help prevent significant vision loss. We’re going to discuss some of the common eye diseases, their causes, their symptoms, and some effective prevention methods. 

1. Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) 

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition that causes vision loss in the macula (the central part of the retina). As the name suggests, AMD typically affects older adults affecting people aged 60 years and above. The early signs of AMD include seeing straight lines as curved shapes or incorrectly distinguishing colors. This loss of vision presents challenges to daily tasks such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces. 

Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial to help prevent and treat vision loss and macular degeneration. Preventive strategies for AMD include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, regular eye checkups, quitting smoking, proper dieting, and wearing sunglasses that block ultraviolet and blue light. 

2. Cataracts 

Cataracts affect over 20 million Americans and are most common among older adults, although they can develop in younger people. A cataract is the clouding of the eye's natural lens, leading to blurry or hazy vision, particularly at night. Although cataracts can be removed surgically, early detection is still critical to prevent the condition from worsening. 

Symptoms associated with cataracts include having difficulty seeing at night, increased sensitivity to bright light, and seeing halos around light sources. To prevent cataracts, avoid smoking, wear protective eyewear when out in the sun, maintain healthy diets, manage blood sugar levels, and be sure to schedule regular eye checkups. 

3. Glaucoma 

A group of eye conditions commonly called glaucoma can damage the optic nerve, and if left untreated, lead to partial or complete loss of vision. This disease typically develops over time, and due to its gradual progression, patients may not notice it until peripheral vision loss occurs. 

This condition generally affects people above 60, but screening should begin at age 40 or earlier for those at high risk. early intervention is crucial to prevent long-term damage from this condition. Preventive measures for glaucoma include using eye protection, avoiding prolonged exposure to blue light, maintaining healthy blood pressure, and monitoring your blood sugar levels. 

4. Diabetic Retinopathy 

The leading cause of blindness for adults living with diabetes is the condition known as Diabetic retinopathy. This disease occurs because of damage to the small blood vessels in the retina, causing them to leak or close. Symptoms include blurred vision, fluctuating vision, dark spots, or “floaters” in your line of sight. If you have diabetes, it’s essential to control blood sugar levels and utilize annual eye exams to detect diabetic retinopathy early. 

5. Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) 

Conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pink eye, is a temporary inflammation of the conjunctiva, a thin, transparent tissue that lines the white part of the eye. Symptoms of this highly contagious disease include redness, itching, and watering of the eye. To avoid transmitting conjunctivitis, practice good hygiene, avoid sharing eye makeup, and cover your mouth when sneezing or coughing. 

6. Dry Eye Syndrome 

Dry eye syndrome occurs when the eye fails to produce enough tears, leading to redness, swelling, and eye irritation. Unfortunately, dry eye syndrome affects many people’s quality of life and may cause vision issues if left untreated. While there is no cure for dry eye syndrome, you can manage the symptoms using eye drops, humidifiers, and lifestyle modifications such as proper dieting and reducing screen time. 

Schedule Regular Eye Exams with Your Optometrist 

Understanding the most common eye diseases and their symptoms can help you detect and manage issues early, preventing further complications. Additionally, early detection of these conditions can lead to better treatment outcomes, providing an opportunity for you to maintain and even enhance your eye health. Don't take your vision for granted, monitor your health by staying aware of your eyes’ condition. 

One of the best ways to prioritize your ocular health is by scheduling regular eye exams with your optometrist. As Lincoln, Nebraska’s preferred optometrist, we’ve gladly provided our community with the best possible eye exams, treatments, and fittings. Call us today to set up an appointment with our skilled staff and see what makes us different!